Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)

Jody Templeton • June 26, 2020

A degenerative condition which benefits from early diagnosis and treatment.

Ankle pain

Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (also known as adult acquired flat foot {AAFF}) is a progressive and debilitating disorder which can cause significant pain and weakness leading to reduced mobility. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential in order to prevent permanent deformity of the foot and ankle.  

Anatomy of the Posterior Tibial Tendon


The posterior tibial tendon passes behind the inside ankle inserting into the navicular bone on the side of the foot and onto the bottom of the second, third and fourth metatarsals and second and third cuneiforms as well as into the heel.  The posterior tibial tendon has the important job of stabilizing the arch of the foot as the body passes over the foot when walking.  The stabilizing of the arch enables the calf muscle to function efficiently during the gait cycle.  


Degeneration within the posterior tibial tendon leads to pain, weakness, deformity and reduced mobility.  


Stages of PTTD:

PTTD is classified into four stages (see below). Tendon degeneration begins long before symptoms manifest. Early detection and treatment may prevent the need for surgery.  

Stage 1
Symptoms would include mild pain and swelling at the inside ankle which is exacerbated by activities. Pain and tenderness is palpable along the course of the posterior tibial tendon but no deformity present. Mild weakness may be felt when performing a single heel rise on the affected side.  

Treatment at this stage is conservative and would include anti-inflammatory medications (either oral or topical), orthotics (insoles) and a programme of strength training for the posterior tibial tendon. If these treatments fail tendon repair may be necessary.

Stage 2
Pain is moderate and more debilitating. Swelling and tenderness are more pronounced. The tendon elongates resulting in a flatter foot and toes which point outwards. A single heel rise would reveal significant weakness in the affected leg.  

Treatment at this stage is conservative as above but may require the use of a hinged ankle brace. If these treatments fail surgery may be necessary.

Stage 3
Pain can be severe and can move to the outside ankle as well as remaining at the inside ankle. Swelling is likely to be reduced but deformity will be much more noticeable as the tendon elongates further. A single heel rise on the affected leg would elicit pain and weakness. Surgery or a fixed ankle brace are likely to be the only options at this stage.

Stage 4
As in stage 3 but with the possibility that the deformity is fixed with bony changes – surgery being the only treatment option other than accommodating the deformity.  




If you would like to book an appointment to see a Podiatrist for this or any other foot/ankle related concern you can do so by calling 07815 849368 or by clicking the "Book Online" link at the top of the page.  
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